Volcanic Eruptions in Iceland

Volcanic Eruptions in Iceland Bring home Test Portray the three unique kinds of volcanic ejections that have offered ascend to Iceland’s volcanic landforms. Unreserved: A profuse ejection is a volcanic emission described by the progression of magma onto the ground. Magma streams produced by profuse ejections differ fit as a fiddle, thickness, length, and width relying upon the sort of magma that emitted, the kind of release, the incline of the ground over which the magma voyages, and the term of the volcanic emission. Dangerous: This is a savage, hazardous sort of ejection. This is an aftereffect of when adequate gas includes broke up under tension inside a thick magma, with the end goal that the released magma brutally rises into volcanic debris as weight is unexpectedly brought down at the vent. Touchy ejections can send rocks, residue, gas and magma pieces into the environment. A cloud is then made which at that point breakdown, making a progression of hot volcanic issue (gas + rocks). Blended: This emission is a blend of both magma and tephra (fragmental material delivered by a volcanic ejection). Portray the attributes of a Tuya. How does this obtain its unmistakable shape? A Tuyais a level beat, steep-sidedâ volcanoâ formed whenâ lavaâ erupts through a thickâ glacierâ orâ ice sheet. Such volcanic arrangements are confined to districts which were secured byâ glaciersâ and had volcanic action during a similar period. Their development is because of magma that emits under an icy mass and cools rapidly. It can't go far, so it accumulates into a lofty sided slope. Characterize the term jã ¶kulhlaup and disclose its essentialness to Iceland. Jã ¶kulhlaups in Iceland may start from minor or subglacial wellsprings of water softened by barometrical procedures, changeless geothermal warmth or volcanic ejections. Ice sheet fountain of liquid magma connections produce meltwater that either depletes toward the icy mass edge or amasses in subglacial lakes. Iceland is a one of a kind and significant examination site for glacio-volcanic associations. The jã ¶kulhlaups can be viewed as present day analogs of past super floods on the earth and their investigation may improve comprehension of ice-well of lava forms on different planets. Joâ ¨kulhlaups, both those depleting meltwater put away in subglacial lakes and meltwater created during a volcanic emission, have noteworthy arranging potential: they dissolve huge ravines and transport tremendous amounts of silt and chunks of ice over huge outwash fields. What are the beginnings of Icelandic waterway waters? Portray the significant fundamental attributes. Icelandic streams are of three general sorts: The cold took care of waterways which convey enormous amounts of fine residue and are ordinarily earthy colored in shading. Their overflow, being adapted by ice dissolve, is high in the mid year and low in the winter. Cold streams are near freezing at source yet warm up impressively in marsh regions. They commonly separate into many interlinked distributaries which continually alter course. The immediate overflow waterways; are generally clear. They are normal for old basaltic zones where the bedrock is impermeable. They have their most noteworthy streams in the spring during snowmelt and in fall following overwhelming downpours. Water temperature in these streams for the most part follows the air temperature. The spring-took care of stream channels territories secured by penetrable post-chilly magma fields. In these zones the ground is progressively permeable; in this manner water rises in springs at lower levels to flexibly the waterways with a steady progression of for the most part clear water. These spring-took care of waterways have a water temperature of 3â€5 °C at source and never freeze over by then. Their beds and banks are typically steady. Clarify the accompanying terms: Tephrochronology: A geo-ordered method that utilizes discrete layers of tephravolcanic debris from a solitary ejection to make a sequential system in which archeological records can be put. Cryptotephra: Very scarcely any examinations have glanced in detail at the sedimentation and appropriation of cryptotephra stores inside successions and, all the more critically, the standards for characterizing the right stratigraphic position of the volcanic occasion. Cryptotephra is a tephra-determined glass shard which isn't that obvious to the stripped natural eye since they are under 125micrometers. Isopachs: Lines on a guide or graphs which associate focuses underneath which a specific layer or gathering of layers has a similar thickness. One measure used to handle the issue of soil disintegration is re-seeding with fitting botanical species. What qualities of a plant would make it reasonable for such a reason? Soil balancing out plants go in size, root type (in a perfect world long), level of ground spread (quick development) and visual intrigue, and choosing an assortment of plants is basic for fighting the effect of wind and water disintegration. Low plants give ground spread from wind, while higher trees hinder the power of downpour before it hits the ground or progressively sensitive ground spread plants. When plants are built up, their life cycles help return supplements to the dirt to empower future plant development (imperative to have a simple seed dispersal process also) and keep up sufficient dampness levels to stay away from soil drying or oversaturation. Portray one technique that could be utilized to quantify the profile of a sea shore. Select examining focuses for sea shore profiles over the width of the sea shore. At each example point thus, place a post toward the beginning and finish. The primary point ought to in a perfect world be the low tide mark, or as near it. The following stage is to take note of the primary changes in incline edge up the sea shore, each change is to illuminate the ‘sections for the profile. For each adjustment in slant, utilize a clinometer to take a course to record the incline edge (It is essential to guarantee that the bearing is taken from a point on the shaft that compares with the eye level of the individual utilizing the clinometer). Measure the separation along the ground of the segment, and record this data nearby the incline point. Rehash forms for each break in incline that you have recognized. Clarify the accompanying: Sidelong moraines: Parallel edges of garbage kept at the edges of an icy mass. The unconsolidated trash can be kept on the icy mass by ice breaking of the valley dividers or tributary streams streaming into the valley. Since parallel moraines are kept on the icy mass, they don't encounter the postglacial disintegration of the valley floor and in this manner, as the ice sheet softens, sidelong moraines are typically safeguarded as high edges. Parallel moraines stand high since they shield the ice under them from the components, making it dissolve or eminent not exactly the revealed pieces of the icy mass. Numerous horizontal moraines may create as the ice sheet advances and withdraws. Pot Lake: Kettles are melancholies abandoned after incompletely covered ice squares dissolve. Pot Lake portrays the manner in which the lake bowl was framed. While ice sheets were shaping, a square of ice broke of, and found a uniform position. As the icy mass kept on softening, the flotsam and jetsam from the ice sheet (soil, rocks, stones, rock, and so on.) filled in around the square of ice. At the point when the square of ice at long last liquefied, all the flotsam and jetsam encompassing it fell into the opening, making the pot type bowl, which when loaded up with water, turned into a lake as we probably am aware it. Outwash plain: is a level area framed of icy residue saved by liquefy water outwash at the end of an icy mass. Clarify the nearness of wave-cut stages in zones of Iceland by and by far off from the coast. A wave-cut stage is the tight level region frequently found at the base of an ocean bluff or along the shoreline of a lake, cove, or ocean that was made by the disintegration of waves. Wave-cut stages are frequently generally clear at low tide when they become obvious as tremendous territories of level stone. In Iceland, a few cases, the stone is generally simple to disintegrate. Ocean level changes have left a stamp on the coast, and wave-cut stages can be seen in numerous around Iceland. Recognize mafic and felsic magma: These words are utilized to show the concoction creation of silicate minerals, magmas, and molten rocks. Mafic is utilized for silicate minerals, magmas, and rocks which are moderately high in the heavier components. The minerals are typically dim in shading and have moderately high explicit gravities and furthermore speak to material which is recently separated from the upper mantle. Felsic is utilized for silicate minerals, magmas, and rocks which have a lower level of the heavier components, and are correspondingly advanced in the lighter components, for example, silicon and oxygen. Felsic minerals are typically light in shading and have explicit gravities. The most widely recognized felsic rock is stone, which speaks to the decontaminated finished result of the earths inner separation process. What is the ostensible fix precision of a GPS? For what reason can a DGPS improve this ostensible precision? The ostensible fix precision of a GPS is of 100 meters with a specific accessibility empowered on the framework. The GPS has various little blunders (e.g signal postponement), so a DGPS can be utilized to improve ostensible precision since it transmits messages from nearby stations that are associated with satellites, creating better and exact information readings. In cartographic terms, clarify why the datum utilized by a GPS route set must be equivalent to for the reference diagram being utilized. A datum is a lot of reference focuses on the Earths surface against which their position can be related with a model of the state of the Earth to characterize a geodetic organize framework. Level datum is utilized to depict a point in scope and longitude. A vertical datum estimates rises or profundities. Since the Earth is a flawed ellipsoid, every limited datum can give a progressively exact portrayal of the region which is being secured than the most recent variant of the World Geodetic System datum (84). Marie Claire Attard B

Internet Freedom and Democracy Free Essays

Web Freedom and Democracy Recently individuals progressively mindful about genuine majority rule government on the grounds that innovative turns of events and web help individuals who get to the web all the while. Particularly web has an extraordinary contribition. Internet’s most significant two highlights which are unadulterated data and simple availability are blessing from arrange engineers to overall population. We will compose a custom paper test on Web Freedom and Democracy or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Some accepts that this mediation is useful for mankind and some others contends that web will be an apparatus for mean and pernicious individuals, for example, terrorists,racist or pedophiles. Democracy’s most notable component is as a rule free as can as could be expected under the circumstances. Individual who lives in law based nation can do what s/he needs to manage without mishandling the different people’s rights,feelings and opportunities. As needs be on this definition , individuals can access to web when they need. They can speak with one another or surf on the web and nobody can stop clients. Web is another method of advancing vote based system. It is another zone that competent for staying in contact with billions of individuals. It doesn't have to rest or it never bites the dust. Anyway this occasion rely upon governments and authorities’ disposition towards the web. As you envision that, internet’s effortlessness makes ground-breaking collaboration. This association capacity drives billions of people’s consideration. This communication force and heaps of people’s consideration may cause a debilitation for Authorities. Becouse of this extraordinary force States and Authorities need to control it. Because of the vote based system, there is a hindrance for that. Our privileges are spared by laws and governments can not hinder our web opportunity. Let expect that the entirety of the creating and created nations are beindg administering with complete vote based system. In this circumstance,a enormous measure of individuals can arrive at different imformation without any problem. Just a single tick on the mouse makes a way for the remainder of the world. Jamie Metzl depicts the web as a fast and modest method of trading the data. It is an incredible creation that individuals may pick up data exceptionally quick and extremely simple. Individuals can report their voice and express their thoughts. Individuals may likewise communicate without the web yet web makes this procedure quicker. Sharing thoughts has gotten simpler with web. Since web gives stream of informatin with no defilement or changes. For instance (from Peter Brophy and Edward Helpin’s article), human rights associations were trying with tyrant governments mid 80’s however later web use has begun to develop and they have picked up adventage from web. They distributed their articles and annunced their exercises openly. In Peter Brophy and Edward Helpin’s article, Amnesty International which is an association that ensures human rights everywhere throughout the world. In their Indonesia crusade , they utilized the online correspondence becouse government couldn't making intercession to that region. Step by step Indonesian individuals have gotten increasingly mindful about their privileges and opposed to government’s human rights mishandles. Quickly , web gives majority rule rights to individuals. With internet’s contribitions individuals can comprehend the vote based system in quick and simple manner. Web is such an extraordinary creation, that it is most effortless approach to cultivate opportunity. There is no battle ready weight, police stick, or torment for readings, tunes and thought articulations. It implies that there is no this sort of unnerving effects for being free. Individuals realize that they can peruse, tune in or state what they need with web. This is the principle explanation behind internet’s ubiquity. Totally vote based nations have been permitting stream of data for a long time. But popularity based and liberal countries’ residents, individuals couldn’t communicate unreservedly before the development of the web. For instance; in Turkey, in mid 80’s loads of writer was detained by military in light of their philosophies and books. Likewise military was consuming ideological books. Indeed, even today Turkish residents aren’t perceiving the total opportunity. Be that as it may, it changed as of late. Recently 90’s web has gotten well known and there was no constraint for it. That stretch was the unadulterated opportunity for web clients. Only path for spread of a thought is correspondence. Recurrence, force and speed of correspondence are legitimately relative with spread of thought or data. A user’s thought could be compelling on the other client. Various musings could turn into a belief system at the web. For instance; a few months back Turkish government has begun to applying safe-web which is programming for constraining the web. Well known bloggers composed articles about it and they bring issues to light about this law. Right off the bat bloggers and a great deal of clients fight this issue on web however it didn’t be compelling. After that bloggers arranged a genuine dissent at boulevards. They welcomed both web clients and common open to strike this issue. A great many individuals reacted this call and they fight that law since, government attempted to manhandle their web opportunity. In any case, a few people contend that web isn’t sort of an apparatus that supportive for just turns of events. In autocracies and non-law based nations web doesn’t work appropriately while procedure of advancing the majority rule government. Oversight issue and tyrant pressures forestall stream of data. Not just affable individuals utilize the web. Governments have their own sites or online journals. Public’s web is being restricted with same innovation by governments. Non military personnel software engineers call that the Censor product. There are heaps of ways for blocking or constraining access to sites. Most notable are Web channels which modified by states’ developers. Another is hindering the site. Jonathan Strickland referenced this issue in his article. For Strickland, Governments square access to the site pages they recognize as bothersome. Bothersome implies that the sites which scrutinizes the state’s philosophy or opposite with government’s exercises. Accordingly, these activities cause a counter conviction for internet’s popular government encourage power. All in all, numerous individuals accept that web is quickening the opportunity and majority rules system in a large portion of the nations. A couple of individuals contradicting that yet for the most part thought of internet’s commitments to majority rule government is certain. Two principle highlights of this innovation are helping individuals which are quick and simple and quick openness and not ruined data. The most effective method to refer to Internet Freedom and Democracy, Essay models

Free Essays on The Columbia Accident

The Columbia Accident This mishap and the passings of the seven part team could be handily forestalled had the pioneers and the chiefs tended to the worries of their specialists. One of the initiative issues for this situation was the way that the directors were attempting to cut the spending plan and improve productivity. At the point when I initially went over the remark of the past NASA executive Daniel S. Goldin about how could the spending cuts sway the security and him alluding to it as a â€Å"bunch of crap† I was shocked. To start with, as a pioneer and a leader one of his essential concerns ought to be the wellbeing of his group, at any rate as I would see it, despite the fact that it was the obligation of Shuttle Program Management, and they should work near location the security issues. Second, when we think once again into the history we can see that NASA had the issue of froth hits before with the Challenger and in any event, seeing its mishap the regulatory non-activity despite everyt hing happened because of the outside political powers and the inner weights of complying with the time constraint inside the authoritative structure of NASA. What's more, these were the main considerations adding to the improvement of the issue. The inner weights of complying with a specific time constraint isn't something extraordinary in the hierarchical conduct, anyway it is exclusively the obligation of the supervisory group to ensure that whatever the cutoff times are, they are met without putting any staff individuals in danger. Furthermore, this case was a fantastic case of disregarding the forthcoming specialized issues and ignoring human lives. Another option and entirely alluring answer for the issue could be fixing the penetrate in the Thermal Protection System on the main edge of the left wing. Thinking about the inside and outside weights this was something conceivable and could be effortlessly clarified by the one of the Shuttle program directors to their bosses who we re really squeezing them. â€Å"Blowing the whistle†... Free Essays on The Columbia Accident Free Essays on The Columbia Accident The Columbia Accident This mishap and the passings of the seven part team could be effectively forestalled had the pioneers and the chiefs tended to the worries of their designers. One of the administration issues for this situation was the way that the administrators were attempting to cut the spending plan and improve productivity. At the point when I initially ran over the remark of the past NASA head Daniel S. Goldin about how could the spending cuts sway the wellbeing and him alluding to it as a â€Å"bunch of crap† I was shocked. To start with, as a pioneer and a chief one of his essential concerns ought to be the security of his group, at any rate as I would see it, despite the fact that it was the obligation of Shuttle Program Management, and they should work near location the wellbeing issues. Second, when we think once more into the history we can see that NASA had the issue of froth hits before with the Challenger and in any event, seeing its mishap the regulatory non-activity despite ev erything happened because of the outer political powers and the inner weights of complying with the time constraint inside the authoritative structure of NASA. What's more, these were the central point adding to the advancement of the issue. The inner weights of fulfilling a specific time constraint isn't something phenomenal in the hierarchical conduct, anyway it is exclusively the duty of the supervisory group to ensure that whatever the cutoff times are, they are met without putting any staff individuals in danger. Furthermore, this case was a brilliant case of disregarding the up and coming specialized issues and ignoring human lives. Another option and entirely alluring answer for the issue could be fixing the break in the Thermal Protection System on the main edge of the left wing. Thinking about the interior and outer weights this was something conceivable and could be effectively clarified by the one of the Shuttle program administrators to their bosses who were really squee zing them. â€Å"Blowing the whistle†...

Business environment Essays

Business condition Essays Business condition Essay Business condition Essay Readiness is the capacity to flourish and thrive in a situation of consistent and flighty change. The term light-footed assembling was instituted by a US government supported research program at Lehigh University and, Latterly, MIT. It is an undertaking wide methodology in which the client is the main goal, change is a chance to improve, and conveying esteem is foremost. It tries to adapt to request instability by permitting changes to be made in a monetarily feasible and auspicious way. As the progress into the twenty-first century happens there are radical changes occurring that are reshaping the modern scene of western economies. Clients need to be dealt with exclusively. The commercial center has gotten really worldwide and requires low volume, excellent, custom explicit items. These items have both short life cycles and improvement creation lead times. Everything is changing exceptionally quick and eccentrically. The quick pattern towards a variety of completed items has lead numerous organizations into issues with inventories, overheads, and efficiencies. Large scale manufacturing doesn't have any significant bearing to items where the clients require little amounts of profoundly redid, structure to-arrange items, and where extra administrations and worth included advantages like item updates and future reconfigurations are as significant as the item itself. This prompts a people concentrated, relationship driven activity. Impeccable quality and exceptionally significant levels of administration are normal and required. Deftness identifies with the interface between the organization and the market. Basically it is a lot of capacities for meeting broadly shifted client necessities as far as value, particular, quality, amount and conveyance. Dexterity has been communicated as having four basic standards: conveying an incentive to the client; being prepared for change; esteeming human information and abilities; shaping virtual organizations. The organization must evacuate the hindrances that keep it from assembling with high speed the set-ups, the exorbitant material taking care of, the poor physical stream, and all creation interferences. What's more, the organization must smooth out the physical stream, coordinate the procedures and close the separations between flexibly, creation, get together, circulation, and the end client. The accentuation must be on rapidly fulfilling the administration chain of occasions from the time a client conveys a solicitation until he is fulfilled. Despite the fact that the word fabricating is utilized with this idea, the standards of dexterity can similarly apply to different elements of a business and to support ventures. The agilitys achievement has pulled in excess of 150 Fortune-500 organizations. Lean, adaptable and nimble in gracefully chain A flexibly chain is the way toward moving merchandise from the client request through the crude materials stage, flexibly, creation, and circulation of items to the client. Market requests, client care, transport contemplations, and valuing requirements all must be comprehended so as to structure the gracefully chain adequately Managing the flexibly chain for upper hand isn't simply to lessen costs. All physical and legitimate occasions inside the gracefully chain must be established quickly, precisely, and adequately. Leanness, adaptability and dexterity must be used proactively at providers and their providers. These between organization coordinated efforts made can assist with accomplishing wanted financial results that the individual firms can not accomplish independently. Such systems permit firms to join assets to pick up economies of scale, get advancements and assets, gain information, and enter showcases past their individual capacity. They additionally can assist with accomplishing proceeding with gains in proficiency, work efficiency, and decrease of process duration and stock. Examination of lean, adaptable and spry Lean creation purportedly joins the advantages of art and large scale manufacturing, without their weaknesses. It conveys quality and assortment without the cost punishment of art creation and the huge cost favorable position of large scale manufacturing. Adaptability is an element of the companys creation framework. It is the intrinsic capacity to alter or adjust its asset organization as indicated by new or changing requests in the market. Dexterity is the capacity to flourish and thrive in a domain of steady and unusual change. Lean assembling is by and large truly adept at doing the things you can control. Dexterous assembling manages the things we can NOT control. Dexterity is based upon the firm establishment of world class or lean assembling techniques, combined with an association that is truly, innovatively, and administrative built up for fast and flighty change. Among the four hidden standards of deftness: Delivering an incentive to the client, being prepared for change, esteeming human information and abilities, framing virtual organizations, the initial three can be found inside the working ways of thinking of organizations by and large idea to be lean as depicted in The Machine that Changed the World. To sum up this examination, readiness, adaptability and leanness are not options, however are commonly supporting ideas. Together they improve intensity and the possibilities of endurance in an inexorably unstable and worldwide business condition.

First Week of College Free Essays

Brad Campagna Kathy O’Rourke College has so far surpassed my desires in an immense manner. As another individual from the ice hockey group there were numerous vulnerabilities and stresses, just as huge amounts of fervors and expectations. Clearly the greatest part, school, was nerve wracking and energizing as well. We will compose a custom paper test on First Week of College or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now In school hockey its exceptionally regular that players remove a couple of years from school preceding joining in, to play hockey in junior hockey groups. This made more nerves then energy for the study hall part of school since i’ve just taken 3 school courses since graduating secondary school, making it somewhat harder to get over into the swing of things. Other than getting once again into school schedule, being a hockey player in school has made the start of school a unimaginable encounter for me. On move-in day while still during the time spent packing it all up, my flat mate and I met the main player in our group. Since my flat mate is likewise in my group it was a gigantic help to meet somebody before our folks even left. From that point forward it’s been going great and have made number of companions in the group, numerous which I definitely realize sick be generally excellent companions with later on. This was most likely the greatest alleviation for me so far in light of the fact that I had no clue what's in store. I continued stressing over how the children, particularly the newcomers, would be and truly every one is a marvelous individual. I didn’t acknowledge what amount being on a games group would assist me with making companions this quick, which I am very appreciative for. We’ve all had a fabulous time as of now and we are only multi week into school. On the entirety of that, we are all at any rate 20 years of age and up as first year recruit. I think this gives us a major favorable position of change for things like school since we are all at any rate two years increasingly develop then we would have in the event that we had gone right from secondary school. Presently that isn't to toot my or any of my companions horns, however I do feel as though the development level is certainly higher then it would have been by the general way we convey and present ourselves instead of being 17 or 18. On the off chance that the year is going to proceed on like this, I can just envision how much fun it’s going to be. This is additionally all abandoning referencing the hockey part. Hockey hasn’t even began at this point which energizes me significantly more. I think and expectation we have an excellent group that can do very well all through the season. Presently clearly school isn’t all silly buffoonery. The school part of school hasn’t truly soaked in yet since were not far into the semester. It unquestionably concerns me to some degree, however I figure I will wind up progressing admirably. I normally have a decent hard working attitude through hockey, so I plan on utilizing that into the study hall. Sure it will be more enthusiastically now and again in light of practices and games and so forth, however that is the thing that my partners and the remainder of the facilities that Potsdam supplies for us are for. It’s a decent beginning for me educator savvy, since essentially every one of them appear to be generally excellent at what they do. The main thing that has gotten me somewhat irritated and on edge about is all the perusing. Perusing occupies a ton of time and that what a large portion of school is. My time the board should be extremely productive if I’m going to do well this year. I trust my next four years here will simply continue showing signs of improvement and better as I meet new individuals and investigate new things. There is still so much I haven’t done at this point thus numerous encounters I need to look forward also as long as my school stirs keeps awake to standard. At the point when my profession at Potsdam is over I trust I will have achieved my objective of exceeding expectations all around whether its school, hockey, companions, network status and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Clearly I plan on having my degree whether I proceed with my Business major or change to something different. I expectation and hope to have passing marks all through the entire experience not simply getting by. I likewise hope to do very well in hockey and would like to have a quick effect in the group and help it out through the entire four years here. I likewise would like to have my companions that I’ve previously made be my closest companions and companions for an amazing remainder. At last when I leave Potsdam I want to have bigly affected the general network. The hockey group focuses on a high significance of being dynamic in the network and having an uplifting demeanor in each spot in each circumstance. So far there’s been a lot of inspiration here and I will be adding to that however much as could reasonably be expected. In the event that my entire time at Potsdam will be the manner by which this first week has been, at that point I foresee having an amazingly decent encounter here. Step by step instructions to refer to First Week of College, Papers

Failed Attempts to Book Club

Failed Attempts to Book Club During my time as a university student, book clubs didn’t hold a lot of appeal for me. I was an English major, which meant that I spent multiple hours a week dissecting books, poems, short stories, etc., in a classroom with my peers, and a tutor at hand to help us along with ideas. I’m also more of a silent observer, which meant that unless participation in classes was graded, I rarely participated in open-class feedback. Though I had a lot of ideas, I preferred to take in other ideas and listen, rather than continually participate. After university, there was no space for me to discuss books anymore. I suddenly read at an even faster pace than before, without the obligation of essays and exams pressing upon me. But without an outlet for discussion, I felt stifled. I tried to join groups on Goodreads, but the conversation there petered out too fast, barely leaving me satisfied. So when one of my friends from school asked if I’d be interested in starting up a book club, I was more than happy to say “yes!” Maybe I had been slightly spoilt by the classes during my undergrad, which were fuelled not only by primary literature, but by secondary sources which had in-depth analyses of the literature at hand. More than that, those classes were informed by the anxiety of looming essays and exams. Exemplified by the fact that the busiest class of the semester was the week before essays were due, when those names on the register who had never peaked into class before, suddenly appeared, full of questions about the upcoming essay. So our first book club pick was an early dystopian novel that most of us had never heard of before. It was called We by Yevgeny Zamyatin, and it followed many of the usual thematics of the dystopian novel. It was easy to see the point of trajectory from We to more well-known dystopian novels, such as Orwell’s 1984, and Huxley’s Brave New World. Once the date arrived for our book club to meet, we piled into a cosy café that serves some of the best cheesecake in the city (according to me). And found out that I had been the only one to fully finish the novel, with two others close to the end, and everybody else not having even cracked open the spine of the book. It certainly put a damper on the book club, even as those of us who had delved into the book’s contents tried to catch the others up, and enter into a discussion. Somehow though, we were all a bit too concerned with the prospect of cheesecake, to delve into the novel too deep. So other than a bare base discussion of did we like the book, what did we like about it, who was our favourite character… we didn’t get into the nitty gritty of it. We did, however, promise to do better next time, after choosing Patrick Ness’ A Monster Calls as our next read. Being a huge fan of Ness, I was more than eager to delve into this book, finishing it only a few days after our first book club meeting. I waited around for the next one, eager to discuss the wonderful allusion to grief in the book, and to talk about what the soon-to-be-released book to movie adaptation might bring to the fore. But the next book club meeting? Well, it never happened. Constantly put off by plights of being busy, and needing more time to read the book. So we picked another book. And another after. And never saw each other past that book/cheesecake club meeting. And though I loved the cheesecake, the book club did leave a lot to desire. Which is not to say that there will not be book clubs in my future â€" I’m still on the hunt. But maybe book clubs with friends are not always the best way to go about things. And maybe book clubs don’t quite work for everybody. Also In This Story Stream View all book club posts-->

Tutor Spotlight Meet Max, Biology and MCATTutor!

This week, we're spotlighting Max, one of our exceptional biology and MCAT tutors! Max was born down the street from the National Institutes of Health, outside of Washington, D.C., and has been a lab rat ever since. He graduated from Yale Phi Beta Kappa with both a B.S. and M.S. in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry while announcing hockey games as a TV broadcaster. As an undergrad, he achieved a 4.0 GPA in all graduate coursework and his lab work earned the departmental prize for excellence in research and scholarship. After graduating, Max completed a research fellowship at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. He is an author on multiple scientific papers and is currently pursuing a M.D. and a Ph.D. through the combined Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology (HST) program. Let's get started with the basics, Max. Where are you from? I'm from Bethesda, MD -- just outside of Washington, DC. Growing up, my life centered around baseball. I played on far too many teams and spent the rest of my free time watching and reading about the game. My parents like to joke that the appearance of box scores in the newspapers, and not the flowers blooming in my mother's garden, was my favorite sign of the spring. What did you decide to study, and why? When I was in high school, a family friend finally succeeded in convincing me that professional baseball was not a great career choice for someone coming off the bench on his high school team. I had always enjoyed science in school and he encouraged me to pursue a internship at the National Institutes of Health. I spent the summer in a lab learning how to isolate, manipulate, and experiment with proteins that interact with DNA. It was incredibly exciting to play with individual biological components and test the different ways they could interact to perform a complex task! I hung around the lab for another year before majoring in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and I haven't looked back since. What are you up to now? How did you decide to pursue this? I'm a third year student in the MD-PhD program at Harvard Medical School and MIT. I've completed a few years of med school and I'm currently working on my PhD at MIT. For me, this program is a dream come true. I had always aspired to train as a scientist and have my own research lab. During college, I realized that I was drawn to investigating how the complex molecular dance of these fundamental biological pieces produces a healthy living organism as well as what happens when things go awry. I hope that focusing on both science and medicine will allow me to solve problems that can change the way we diagnose and care for our patients. What do you imagine your life will look like in 5-10 years? Hopefully, I’ll be done with the training program. Afterwards, I’m looking forward to completing medical residency and specializing my clinical focus. I’m not sure what type of medicine that will be but I hope to be working in a field that allows me to chase my dreams of having my own lab as well as working directly with patients. What’s a lesson you’ve learned from teaching? It's incredibly important to simply listen to students and how they describe their goals or tackle their problems. There are many different ways to approach any challenge and a student's instinctive way of doing so may be very different from my own! Meeting a student where s/he is coming from is central to how I teach. I find my students are far more gratified (and successful) when they learn how to work out a problem as they see it rather than through someone else's system. What’s something you’ve changed your mind about? I used to think that purpose of education was simply to acquire knowledge. It's easy to burden oneself with the mindset of 'learn this' or 'memorize that' without questioning what it's all good for. I realize now that the ability to creatively solve problems or communicate big ideas are more important than learning facts. Everyone thinks differently which means that everyone has something to teach. What does your daily information consumption diet look like? I try to make it through most of the NYTimes each day. I also enjoy RealClearPolitics, which aggregates political editorials and allows me to explore opinions different from my own. I keep tabs on new papers published in the major journals of biology and medicine. While doing routine labwork, I'm usually plugged into NPR podcasts or TED talks. Any other free time I spend on ESPN or on deep dives into whatever Wikipedia links look enticing. What would you consider an amazing feat from your field (or any field)? Sequencing the entire human genome has had an unmeasurable impact on how we think about problems in biology and make new discoveries. Within the next few decades, it will also change how we practice medicine. Understanding our genetic information should lead to personalized recommendations, and maybe even cures, that will have big impacts on our health. I'm excited to see this revolution, both as a future scientist and physician. Are you interested in working with Max, either in Cambridgeor online? ; Want to learn more about our incredible team of tutors? Check out some of our pat tutor spotlights below! Tutor Spotlight: Meet Mac, Test Preparation Tutor Tutor Spotlight: Meet Liz, Economics and Finance Tutor Tutor Spotlight: Meet Yilma, Physics Tutor

E Commerce And The Global Economy - 1278 Words

This is the age of the Internet and uses for this technology are expanding everyday. Some of the major newer uses include social networking, public broadcasting, global commerce, etc. E-commerce has become the way business is being transacted in the global economy. Most businesses are using enterprises software (SAP, Oracle, etc.) to manage their business and data mining to become more strategic in order to increase the profits of their companies. Amazon.com is using sophisticated analytics applications. Amazon pioneered business analytics to become the leader of retail industry in the world. Another example of a major online retailer is TaoBao.com in China. It dominates the online retail industry in China and claims more than eight†¦show more content†¦Google Analytics has many tools under the categories of data collection and management, data consolidation and data analysis that can help even small companies to reach the right audiences efficiently by understanding who the ir customers are and how best to reach them. For instance, the Collection and Configuration APIs help you collect data and manage your account in custom, scalable ways. The Data Import functionality allows an enterprise to join the data from their CRM (Customer Relationship Management, a CRM system allows businesses to manage business relationships as well as the data and information associated with them), content management, and other systems with the data in their Google Analytics account for faster, more sophisticated insights. In this way, a company can understand more about the background of their customers, as well as their preferences and behaviors. There is an e-purchasing platform company called Jet.com. Jet is a members’ only shopping club offering savings on most of the categories of products that Amazon has. Compared to Amazon.com and Walmart.com, it is a small company. However, as a startup company they have a unique model that could prove very competitive with larger retail enterprises. Many of their products are at least 10% cheaper than Amazon Prime. Jet has a special program that works in

Native Americans Have Set up Different Tribes Accross America

Native Americans have been in North America longer than any other people. They had their own tradition, and their own rituals. They had their own civilization with their own alphabet. The natives had set up different tribes across the Americas (Journey 4). Colonists from Europe had travelled into the natives land and had been welcomed with trust. The Americans had entered America because of all the problems occurring in Britain. King James, leader of Britain, had forced his religion onto them. His people disliked the way the king had treated them. So they had fled his country to find new land (colonies 8). Other nations such as Spain had influenced European to search for gold in the new land. Gradually people had travelled by†¦show more content†¦In history.com, they stated, â€Å"puritans believed this victory was a sign of gods favor.† There had been Native American tribes that lived in the Great Plains between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi river. They had been in the way of Americans who believed in manifest destiny. They thought it was their â€Å"god given right† to own all the land to the west of them (hills 1). Americans had gradually been west. Natives didn’t mind the colonists as long as they didn’t interfere with their land. That meant no digging for gold, or building forts (history 1). Natives considered their land very sacred. Americans agreed to their conditions. They were not happy with it though (history 1). Later, Americans had tried to buy the natives land with money. Slowly, colonists were getting very impatient and more aggressive. In the end, it turned into an all out war (history 2). Natives lost in the end and had been forced into reservations. American settlers had started to remove natives from their land. This was called the trail of tears (tears 1). This was also related to manifest destiny. Americans had forced natives off their land with treaties. Many natives fought back before they signed the treaty. Andrew Jackson had been the one who was in control of this (history 6). The Indian removal act was the backbone for the trail of tears. Andrew Jackson issued the act to eliminate theShow MoreRelatedApush American Pageant Chapter 1 -24887 Words   |  20 Pages1.Early American civilization - Incas in Peru, Mayans in Central America, and Aztecs in Mexico shapped sophisticated civilizations. Cultivation of Maize fed large pops. Didnt have oxen, horses, tech. (wheel). Strikingly accuate astronomical observations. Human sacrifices. 2. Cultivation of Maize - Maize, beans and squash were the three-sister farming, with beans growing on the trellis of cornstalks, and squash covering the planting mounds to retain moisture in the soil. Produced high populations

New Frontier Touring A Tour Booking Agency - 1909 Words

New Frontier Touring is a tour booking agency based in Nashville, TN. They represent artists from the indie-rock, Americana, acoustic roots, folk, and jazz genres. With over 75 artists on their roster, technology is an important aspect of the company and keeping the business running. On a normal day, there are ten booking agents, two contract department workers, and at least two interns there at a time, each one on their own computer using technology. In today’s music industry, if you are not working, you are missing out. If technology does not do its job, important opportunities can be missed. The music industry is always on the go, and the live music industry is currently booming. New Frontier’s current target market includes the bands that would be in the genres that are listed above. They are a company that believes in their artists and wants them to trust that they will have help to grow and evolve to their full potential. The job of a booking agency is to talk to the promoter of a venue to allow the band they are representing to play there. It isn’t always an easy task because prices must be negotiated, as well as the rider, support acts, and the length of the show. Once that initial phone call is made to work out a date for the show, the computers and booking agents must pick up the rest of the work, along with the contract department. The main program that New Frontier uses is FileMaker. Agents use that program to create deal memos that have all of the informationShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesfurniture giant News Corporation – corporate logic and corporate management in a worldwide media business. CRH – impressive international growth of an Irish company driven from a ‘lean’ corporate centre. Numico – difficulties with diversification for a Dutch nutritional products company. AIB – competing in the gl obal banking industry: the challenges for a mid-size bank. SABMiller – an African brewer takes on the world: learning to thrive in difficult circumstances. MacPac – from a New Zealand start-upRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 PagesCase Studies C-1 INTRODUCTION Preparing an effective case analysis C-3 CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 ABB in China, 1998 C-16 Ansett Airlines and Air New Zealand: A flight to oblivion? C-31 BP–Mobil and the restructuring of the oil refining industry C-44 Compaq in crisis C-67 Gillette and the men’s wet-shaving market C-76 Incat Tasmania’s race for international success: Blue Riband strategies C-95 Kiwi Travel International Airlines Ltd C-105 CASE 8 Beefing up the beefless

Background Of Ibm ( International Business Machine )

Background of IBM (International Business Machine). In 1911, IBM was originally founded with the name Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) in New York, US. In 1924 Computing- Tabulating- Recording Company was names as International Business Machine. From the beginning IBM has been promoting diversity in the organization. As the company had its first lady vice president in 1943. IBM rank’s in top 100 companies in the â€Å"Working Mother Magazine† and awarded 1st for multicultural working women in 2009.In 1993 Louis Gerstner became the CEO of IBM (Managing Diversity for Success: The Case of IBM). Diversity from the beginning of IBM. IBM is commonly known as the leader of workplace diversity. In 1943, the president of IBM Thomas Watson declared equal pay for equal work. Same benefits were also given to females in 1960s(Kanji, Ayesha, and David A. Thomas). Critical Issues Faced by Louis Gerstner. When Louis Gerstner became the CEO of IBM in 1993 he experienced many issues with the lack of diversity at the senior level. Diversity Task Forces: Structure and Strategy. IBM launched task forces on the day of Bastille i.e. July 14,1995(Thomas, David A 100). The task force was created to enhance the chances for improvement and progression of demographic groups such as women and men, as well as Asians, Africans Americans, LGBT (lesbians, gay, bisexual and transgender) individuals, Hispanics, Native Americans, and employees with disabilities (Managing Diversity for Success: TheShow MoreRelatedInternational Business Machines Corporation ( Ibm ) Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Business Machines Corporation (IBM) The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational advancement and coordinating undertaking, with central station in Armonk, New York. 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The Physician Assistant Program Free Essays

The Physician Assistant Program, on the other hand, delivers a comprehensive masters education teachings that are essential for the aspiring physician assistant (â€Å"Physician Assistants,† n.d.). We will write a custom essay sample on The Physician Assistant Program or any similar topic only for you Order Now This program entails   thorough learnings in the formal practice of a physician assistant. Furthermore, the master’s program for physician assistant equips the aspirants the necessary academic and clinical background in able to achieve professional certification to become qualified, reliable and competent physician assistant (â€Å"Physician Assistants,† n.d.).   As an aspiring Physician assistant, I truly understand that my clinical role will include primary and specialty care in medical as well in surgical practice. I understand that a physician assistant position is a complex task to do that focuses to provide of patient care. With this, I hereby accept the fact that the only way to achieve this and be competent in the position is submit myself into the formal education program for Physician Assistant. With the kind of training I had as a Nurse aid for two years, I decided to pursue a career as physician assistant. Although, I hold a masters degree in Library Science from University of Wisconsin, I could not find the appropriate job or work that is in line with the education that I have finished. Hence, in my two years of stay in the hospital as a nurse aid, I came to a point of realization that I am comfortable to work in such position and finally pursue a career in physical assistance. Being in hospital as a nurse aid, I can say my preparation for this objective of is my formal experience in medical field by providing nursing aid. In terms of preparation, I can say that I am on the ideal shape to start a new career as I am familiar with the practice in the clinic and in hospital chores. Moreover, I attended and completed all the prerequisite courses in nurse aid. Being an alumna of the school, I prefer to have my formal physician assistant education program in University of Wisconsin, as I believe that the method of teaching by the university is proven and effective. Therefore, I wish to achieve another milestone in my life as a qualified and ratified physician assistant under the uplifting educational support of the University that I truly trust and believe. In the end, if I get the chance to complete the program and be one of the countries prime physician assistant, my primary goal as a professional is a effect changes that I believe to be the best in providing patient care. Thus, I wish to achieve the reputation that I long as valuable and competent physician assistant, through my whole hearted service with my patient and with the attending physician. References Physician Assistants. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2008 from http://www.answers.com/topic/physician-assistant?cat=health How to cite The Physician Assistant Program, Papers

Taking The Pill Depression And free essay sample

Social Stigma Essay, Research Paper Taking the Pill: Depression and Social Stigma Depression is widespread in today # 8217 ; s society and is called # 8216 ; the common cold of mental wellness problems. # 8217 ; But despite its prevalence, people are wary about the usage of a pill in order to trail the blues away. Some even liken anti-depressants to Soma as depicted in Aldous Huxley # 8217 ; s Brave New World. Soma is the perfect pleasance drug that provides a mindless, unauthentic felicity, which makes people comfy with their deficiency of freedom. Depression is frequently disregarded as a serious unwellness. Society, as a whole, stigmatizes depression and sees anti-depressants as a manner out alternatively of a legitimate medical specialty. But the people that feel this manner, frequently have non had any personal experience with this unwellness. The physical footing of depression involves neurotransmitters in the encephalon. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry messages from one nervus cell to another. Nerve cells do non touch. There are microscopic spreads between them called synapses. For a nervus urge to go from one nervus cell to another, the directing cell releases a bantam sum of one of the neurotransmitters, which transmits the signal to the 2nd cell, and so on around the organic structure. After a nervus urge has been sent across a synapse, particular enzymes clear off the neurotransmitter so that another urge may be sent. The first antidepressants, monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) inhibitors, were discovered by chance during the 1960 # 8217 ; s by research workers who were seeking to develop new drugs to handle TB. MAO inhibitors didn # 8217 ; t assist TB, but they elevated temper. Since so, many other types of antidepressants have been developed. They are all about every bit effectual. But the newer drugs are safer and for most people, have fewer side effects. In order of their development, here are today # 8217 ; s antidepressants: MAO inhibitors, Tricyclic medicines, Tetracyclic medicines, Wellbutrin, Desyrel, Selective 5-hydroxytryptamine re-uptake inhibitors ( SSRI ) , Effexor, and Serzone. The anti-depressant that is known by most people is Prozac. This anti-depressant falls under the grouping of selective 5-hydroxytryptamines reuptake inhibitors as does Zoloft and Paxil. SSRIs block the recapture of the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine by nervus cells. The first SSRI, Prozac, was approved by the FDA in 1988. The other SSRI # 8217 ; s were approved as follow: Zoloft, 1991 ; and Paxil, 1992. Antidepressants help 60 to 80 per centum of those with moderate to terrible depression. It normally takes two to four hebdomads to experience any benefit. Drug intervention typically lasts six to twelve months. Depression is strongly associated with abnormally low degrees of certain neurotransmitters, among them: 5-hydroxytryptamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. Antidepressants increase the degrees of these chemicals by interfering with the enzymes that eliminate them from the synapses, a procedure called # 8220 ; reuptake inhibition. # 8221 ; The diagram below represents the basic manner that an anti-depressant such as SSRI works. Serotonin is created on the presynaptic nervus terminal. It is so released into the synapse and continues to the postsynaptic nervus terminal. Fresh 5-hydroxytryptamine is returned to the presynaptic nervus terminal for reuse or devastation. Prozac, Zoloft and Paxil maintain the 5-hydroxytryptamine in the synapse for a longer clip. There are legion stigmas that accompany mental unwellness. A Massachusetts study was done to raise consciousness of these stigmas. Ninety per centum of the four hundred grownups surveyed said that mental unwellness comes with a stigma. Forty per centum of those surveyed believed mental unwellness is the consequence of character defects and personality defects. ( # 8221 ; Survey finds Stigma # 8221 ; ) The effects of a kind of # 8216 ; coming out # 8217 ; for down people can ensue in political, professi onal and personal jobs. The slightest intimation of mental wellness jobs can ensue in the terminal of a political calling. Mental unwellness is used as a arm to project uncertainties on a campaigner # 8217 ; s fittingness for political office. During the 1988 presidential run rumours were circulated by Lyndon LaRouche protagonists that Michael Dukakis had been treated for depression. These allegations were intended to strike hard Dukakis out of the race. However, there does look to be a more positive displacement in elector # 8217 ; s attitudes toward mental unwellness. Last autumn it was reported that Alma Powell, married woman of a could-be presidential campaigner, suffered from depression, she and her hubby appeared at a nationally televised imperativeness conference and casually said it was so. Colin Powel did non deny this statement and stated that it was non a household secret. He besides said that it is controlled as easy with medicine as his blood force per unit area is. Traveling public is really difficult to some sick persons professionally. It helps to be in the right calling. The humanistic disciplines are likely the most tolerant. Rod Steiger # 8217 ; s agent was afraid that when he went public he would be blacklisted. However, as it turned out his following characteristic was Tim Burton # 8217 ; s # 8216 ; Mars Attack! # 8217 ; . Hollywood is considered easy when compared with more traditional occupations. Those in the field of concern may desire to believe twice earlier uncovering their depression. In the butch civilizations of jurisprudence and investing banking, he says, if you admit exposure. You # 8217 ; re a outcast. Many people will lie on occupation applications that ask if they have of all time been treated for a psychological upset. In most instances, if there are two qualified appliers and one has been treated for a upset, he or she will non be chosen. It is difficult to allow people cognize that you are on anti-depressants. In fact, there is even a site on the Internet that lists different scenarios and what the best manner to allow people cognize you are taking the pill. Many household and friends will non understand the demand for anti-depressants. They may even province that a down individual is merely # 8216 ; in a funk # 8217 ; and will acquire out of it. They might see anti-depressants as a weakness-the inability to cover with jobs. These stigmas of mental unwellness may do many people from acquiring aid, either reding or anti-depressants. Many people do non experience comfy # 8217 ; sloping their backbones # 8217 ; to a alien and welcome the alleviation that an anti-depressant brings. It is obvious that a combination of talk-therapy and pills would be the best solution to depression. Some people look for consolation in anti-depressants as a temper supporter. They are non clinically depressed but have are still given a prescription anyhow. One telecasting show believes that this may make unfairness in the concern universe by their increased watchfulness and thrust. # 8220 ; Would everyone feel compelled to take it merely to maintain up with the competition? # 8221 ; ( Breggin, 5 ) There is a belief that anti-depressants are over-prescribed. Doctors do non see five of the nine symptoms of depression, yet they are still mentioning their patients for anti-depressants. Kramer and Breggin, writers of Listening to Prozac and Talking Back to Prozac, both believe that this is an anti-sensitivity drug. Breggin believes that there is no such thing as being excessively sensitive. In being desensitized, less cognizant, and less in touch a individual loses basic human nature. Kramer agrees that Prozac may take away those emotions that make us most human. As their depression disappears, so does their sensitiveness to their ain and others # 8217 ; jobs. Should we experience our emotions deeply, even if these emotions may do injury to others and ourselves? Or should we be medicated and become # 8216 ; less of a individual # 8217 ; ? The sick persons of depression must reply these inquiries for themselves.

The Case Agaisnt The Death Pen Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Crumley English 112 17 Sep 00 The Case Against Death Punishment This article was written by Eric M. Freedman, and was printed in the USA Today, magazine in March of 1997. Let us get down right at that place with Mr. Freedman. Since this article appeared in the USA Today I assumed that this adult male was likely one that knew what he was speaking about and likely good respected among his equals. He is a professor at Hofstra University School of Law where he teaches Constitutional Law and the Death Penalty. He has addressed many panels of attorneies, prosecuting officers, Judgess and even Congress about the decease punishment. He graduated from Yale University and is a outstanding First Amendment combatant. Now, after all that research I assumed that what I was approximately to read was traveling to be some cold difficult facts about capital penalty. After all he appears to be highly good versed about the Constitution and the decease punishment. Since I discovered that he was a professor at Hofstra University I decided to make a rebuff background cheque on that peculiar school because I had personally neer heard of Hofstra. Come to happen out Hofstra University, harmonizing to US NEWS, is ranked figure two in the state when it comes to jurisprudence. Hofstra is presently ranked between Yale, which is ranked first, and Harvard, which is graded 3rd. Following that information that I discovered I automatically presumed that Mr. Freedman was most decidedly a qualified adult male and non merely some extremist who opposed the decease punishment. Continuing on with the analysis I figured I would interrupt down the rubric. The Case Against the Death Punishment can merely be seen a few ways in my book. I thought every bit shortly as Crumley 2 I saw the rubric that this individual was composing as an opposition of the decease punishment. I farther assumed to turn out his point that he was traveling to hold a batch of statistics to assist endorse his point. Which for me meant that I was traveling to hold to make more research to assist interrupt this essay a portion. Anyhow, right as I began reading this article I started to hold uncertainties in Mr. Freedman. In the really first paragraph he states Harmonizing to critics ( USA Today, pg 48 ) and does non call any of them. Who are these supposed critics? They could be anybody. They could be a whole commission of oppositions of the decease punishment, who furthermore merely show findings that they agree with. So, I as a reader, have no thought except for the fact that it was a group of so called critics. Then straight after the first paragraph he says that in September of 1995, the province of New York re-instituted the decease punishment and that this lone meant that New Yorkers will acquire less offense control than they had before. ( USA Today, pg 48 ) Well I decided to make a shade bit more digging and discovered that, harmonizing to the 1992 and 1997 FBI Uniform Crime Report for the New York State country, since 1992 serious offense had declined some 33 % . What I besides found was that the slaying rate was down and violent offense was down 39 % and 32 % severally. Now, after turn outing that one incorrect my assurance in Mr. Freedman was dropping quickly. However, I decided to give him the benefit of the uncertainty and said that we all can do errors. Following I discovered his chief intent for composing this article in the first sentence of the 3rd paragraph. And he supports this statement with the grounds of the decease punishment s tremendous cost, a hurt to public safety, it does non cut down offense, is racially Crumley 3 discriminatory, and will finally be inflicted on the inexperienced person. That merely happened to give me a batch more ammo to lb this article. The following point that Freedman attempts to do is that the decease punishment does non cut down offense. What he does non state you is that the decease punishment is non designed to cut down offense. The decease punishment is a signifier of penalty designed to dispose of highly violent felons. Freedman of class so moves to back up this thought with the fact that between 1975 and 1985 twice as many constabularies officers were killed in decease punishment provinces as no decease punishment provinces. Once once more Freedman has tried to take the reader astray. He does non state you that those provinces with the decease punishment have higher offense rates because they are 1s with really big metropoliss, such as New York, Chicago and Detroit. What he besides does non state you is that during the 1980 s offense was up countrywide harmonizing to the FBI Uniform Crime Report. Following Freedman uses a justice in Harris County, Texas to do a point. Freedman points out that 10 % of all executings since 1976 have taken topographic point in this peculiar county legal power. He so uses a quotation mark from this justice to seek and bang his point place or may be aid carry the reader a bit more because he his utilizing another type of authorization figure. What I found interesting about this peculiar quotation mark is that the justice could hold been noticing on offense in general, non merely the decease punishment To follow this portion of the article he throws in the fact that the decease punishment is inordinately expensive. Which I believe was the best and most true portion of this article. With the research that I went through I did happen that even most advocates of the Crumley 4 decease punishment did hold with this point. The decease punishment is really expensive. But, he throws in some cost that I seem to believe would be good. Such as more probe on the side of the prosecution. What he does non state you is that the prosecution needs more probe to acquire a decease punishment finding of fact. The following alleged fact Freedman presents to us is that the decease punishment rhenium duces public safety. That statement is non a fact. If that were true we would likely non hold the decease punishment. Does the judicial system truly desire to set people to decease bad plenty that they would put on the line other peoples lives? Then Freedman states that harmonizing to fiscal jobs New York can non purchase unassailable waistcoats for all of it peace officers. He is really stating that since the decease punishment costs so much it is a direct consequence on the protection of New York s constabulary officers. I believe there are many other factors that can be thrown into that equation. Anyway, have you considered the fact that non every constabulary officer is on responsibility? I have been told that most constabularies officers do non work 24 hours a twenty-four hours three hundred 60 five yearss a twelvemonth. Following Freedman uses the illustration of narcotics and intervention. And that some of the money being spent on the decease punishment could be used for handling these people who support themselves through offense. First of all I ask how many drug users would really set themselves into intervention? I mean after all if these people are so far hooked on drugs that they commit offenses to acquire them, so they likely do non care plenty to set themselves into rehab. Now Freedman presents another so called fact. He states, fundamentally that the Crumley 5 decease punishment is geared towards a peculiar group of people. If that were really true I believe the authorities would be hearing an ear full from the full population. After that great group of facts, Freedman gives the reader some statistics on racial favoritism. However, he did something a small different this clip and questioned his ain Numberss. He was right in stating that there are other factors that need to be taken into history with the figures he displayed. But I must oppugn two more things in this paragraph. First what surveies precisely addressed these issues? And if it were true that one of the major lending factors on whether person received a finding of fact of the decease was their race, I do non believe the justness system would go on to utilize capital penalty. The following variable that Freedman says that contributes to the punishment of the decease in income. He goes on and on about how hapless people can non acquire nice representation in capital instances. Let us look at this from another angle. There are non many attorneies around that accept capital instances. Like Freedman says the field is extremely specified. Besides, I had another expression at the FBI Uniform Crime Report, and it states that lower income groups tend to execute capital offenses. Then Freedman tries to compare the quality of capital slaying tests to that of felony instances. Well, a felony instance does non be near to every bit much as a capital slaying instance. Besides, most defence attorneies are prepared to support felonies a tad spot more than capital instances. The concluding variable that Freedman uses is that of mental disablement. He says that jurymans are more likely to set person to decease that has a mental disablement of some sort. Crumley 6 Now, if you look at the existent offense itself, one would hold to be a small screwed up to perpetrate a offense bad plenty to be tried as a capital instance. Earlier in the article Freedman uses Ted Bundy as an illustration. Why does he non utilize Bundy as an illustration now? May be it is because the name, Ted Bundy, automatically brings a idea of person who is earnestly disturbed and is likely considered by most a good receiver of the decease punishment. The concluding fact that Freedman uses is that finally the decease punishment will be inflicted on the inexperienced person. I would wish to get down with the word inexperienced person. Yes the jurisprudence states one is guiltless until proved guilty. However, the word inexperienced person will non be found in any test. A individual is either found guilty or non guilty. Yes, some people found guilty may non hold committed the offense. But there was adequate grounds for a jury to happen the individual guilty. And that works in contrary, some people are found non guilty because a jury was non presented with adequate grounds to convict. Now, the pick that Freedman makes here to finalise his statement with this is really good planned. He reminds the reader that decease is concluding and can non be reversed. This was a good thought to me because if the reader has non made up their head yet about whether they agree with the decease punishment or non this slightly slams his point place. Freeman so leads the reader into his decision. He restates all of his points to seek and farther carry the reader after his last statement that decease is concluding. This, to me, was a really cagey manner of helping his shutting statement. The last piece of information that I was able to delve into was that right after what seemed to be his summarisation. Freedman tried one last group of people to assist his Crumley 7 statement. And he used the Criminal Justice Section of the New York State Bar Association. He made certain to allow me cognize that it was full of people who are good versed in the judicial system. Now what he did non allow you cognize was that this peculiar subdivision of the NYSBA merely happens to be the 1 that deals specifically with the decease punishment and Constitutional rights. Every member of this subdivision are all oppositions of the decease punishment. In decision I would wish to state that at first sight this seemed to be a really good written and factual article. But after a little spot of delving I found this to non be true at all. Even though Mr. Freedman may be rather qualified in the ways of our judicial system he used many so called facts to seek and carry his audience. Brad Crumley

Muhaug essays

Muhaug essays There is Nothing Wrong with Mu Huang During the late 1990s a new product was born. In an age that more than 40 million people in the United States are considered obese, a shining light of hope was seen (Obesity-A National Epidemic). A new craze of overnight results seemed to take over the television and magazine ads. Hundreds of before and after pictures backed up the overnight claims. They depicted everyone from weight lifters wanting to shred unwanted fat, to common house moms wanting a new look. This shining light was an herb called Mu Huang that was discovered by the Chinese decades ago (Ephedra is an Herb). Mu Huang extract was started to be used in dietary supplements, spiking the metabolism into burning more fat without the traditional amount of exercise. This shining light didnt come without its risks. In the years to come Mu Huang would be blamed for a rash of untimely deaths. These untimely deaths eventually contributed to the ban in early 2004. If you are a healthy individual, taking Mu Huang extract e ven with its risks would have been better for you in the long run so is shouldnt have been banned. Mu Huang (more commonly referred to as Ephedrine, or Ephedra) seemed to be the new age caffeine. There also seemed to be another use for the product aside from burning fat. Since it seemed to out match caffeine as a pick-me-up, Ephedrine was used in products such as Stackers and Yellow Jackets. A lot of people also noticed that with the pick up they were just generally happier. So it wasnt uncommon to hear them referred to as happy pills. There seemed to be no limitations to the uses of this product. The biggest drive for the Ephedrine uptake to the American society is the fact that second only to smoking, obesity is the leading killer of people in the United States (Obesity-A National Epidemic). It is easy to understand how this can happen. If you go to th...

The Impressive Range of Impress

The Impressive Range of Impress The Impressive Range of Impress The Impressive Range of Impress By Mark Nichol Impress has various meanings, both literal and figurative. This post explorers those senses and the meanings of various words in which impress is the root. Impress is derived from the Latin verb premere, meaning â€Å"press† and the source of press in all its senses. It usually is a verb and can mean â€Å"imprint by applying pressure† or â€Å"affect significantly.† (It is also a synonym for transfer and transmit.) One can impress a design onto an object using heat or physical pressure, such as by branding or stamping, and one can impress another person by performing an action the other person considers impactful or meaningful. One can also do or say something to impress on another person the significance of a fact or opinion. Another sense of impress is â€Å"force or take by force,† as in the case of sailors or soldiers enlisted against their will or someone coerced or pressured into undertaking an action or a task. However, impress is also a noun, though its use as such is not as common as its employment as a verb. An impress is an imprint or a stamp or seal, an effect, or an act of forcing such as one of those described in the previous paragraph. The act, however, is usually referred to as impressment. An impression is an effect of, or a feeling based on, an action or an imprint or mark on an object or an act such as imprinting or marking. The word also refers to a first coat of ink or paint or the amount of pressure with which it is applied, or the entirety of a set of printed materials produced in one batch. It also pertains to an imitation of a recognizable person that exploits well-known traits such as a unique voice or distinctive mannerisms; one is said to do an impression of someone else, and a person who routinely does impressions for entertainment purposes is called an impressionist. Impressionist also refers to an artist who creates visual art, literature, or music intended to capture feelings instead of details or represents impressions of reality rather than reality itself. In painting, the term is often capitalized, and the art form is called Impressionism. The adjective pertaining to the artist sense is impressionistic. Two other adjectives stemming from impress but distinct from impressionistic and each other in meaning are impressive and impressionable. The former means â€Å"eliciting admiration or awe,† while the former means â€Å"tending to be easily influenced† and usually pertains to children or young people who have not yet acquired critical-thinking skills, though it may also apply, in a pejorative sense, to adults who are insufficiently skeptical. The less common adjective impressible, however, applies to the sense of imprinting. The noun impresario, referring to a conductor, manager, promoter, or sponsor of an entertainment event or series, is unrelated; taken directly from Italian, it derives ultimately from the Latin verb prehendere, meaning â€Å"seize† (also the source of apprehend, comprehend, and prehensile). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to Avoid8 Types of Parenthetical PhrasesDealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts

AML- KYC (anti-money Laundering- know your customer) - TD Canada Trust Assignment

AML- KYC (anti-money Laundering- know your customer) - TD Canada Trust Retail Banking - Assignment Example The improvement of the KYC/AML policies would enable the TD Bank to better understand its customers, the principals underlying customers who play the agent role and their financial dealings which can assist mutual fund to control its risks vigilantly, as well as understanding the beneficial owners in instances of entities that are non individual. In order to improve the TB Bank (KYC/AML) Know Your Customer and Anti-Money Laundering policy and procedure emphasizes should be directed on the general doctrines undertaken by the bank to establish an effective process of record keeping, reporting, internal control, and customer identification in an effort to check money laundering related operations, or financial terrorism. The criteria for customer acceptance policy in TD Bank should be tightened in the sense that accounts must not be opened in a factious or anonymous entry or name; customers should only be accepted after identity verification; the customers must as a matter of caution, be classified in different risk categories, with each having a criteria of acceptance; new customers identity must be scrutinized to ensure that it does not have any criminal record or banned entries. However the implementation of customer acceptance policy should not be so stringent such that it obstructs banking services to the public in general, and those who are socially or financially underprivileged in particular. The TD Bank in an effort to improve its KYC/AML policies must adhere strictly to the rules of customer identification procedure. This should involve identification and verification of customers’ identity through independent and reliable source documents, information or data. To improve this policy, the bank must be satisfied that the potential customer is actually who he claims to be. In addition, TD bank must ensure that enough information is obtained on the purpose, identity, and

Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Against Gays Serving Openly in the Military Essay

Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Against Gays Serving Openly in the Military - Essay Example I think that gays should be allowed in military on the basis of certain reasons which are threat of spreading immorality, it’s being considered as an illness and violation of rule, â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell†. Homosexuality is considered immoral due to which, gays should not be allowed to join military. According to General Peter Pace, homosexuality is an immoral act and the people who are homosexual should not be allowed to serve the military of the country, as they will spread immorality (Msnbc.com 2007). The military regards homosexuals as demoralizing agents that can have a negative impact on other military men that are heterosexual. Due to the demoralizing of the armed troops, the troops will be affected negatively due to which, their performance in wars will be influenced to a great extent and this influence will be disadvantageous for the country (Shawver, 1994). Biblically, homosexuality is considered immoral and a sign of corruption due to which, homosexuals should not be allowed in the military. The military life is hard and people have to keep themselves in order and disciplined. The military people are prepared to fight for the country and they should not have any immoral atti tude towards life. Homosexuality is considered an illness due to which, gays should be restricted to join army. US Department of Defense categorizes homosexuality as a â€Å"mental disorder† (Bernard, 2006). Homosexuality was previously considered a mental illness as it was enlisted in the mental illnesses list. Afterwards, it was removed from the list but then, the homosexuals were asked to do not expose themselves publically or they would be expelled from their jobs (Shawver, 1994). When a check is made on the exposition of homosexual orientation in terms of joining army, then it is quite clear that still, homosexuality is regarded as an

Women In The Workforce Sociology Essay

Women In The Workforce Sociology Essay It has been argued that, women have been excluded from the study of work, and that, when they are studied, the analysis has often been distorted by sexist assumptions (Acker, 1977; Acker and Van Houten, 1974; Brown, 1976; Kanter, 1975, 1977; Oakley, 1974). Prior to the industrial revolution, the family economy operated as a cohesive unit; typically all family members, regardless of age or gender, were engaged in productive labour (Tilly and Scott, 1978). Given gendered expectations, along with a gendered opportunity structure (Browne and England, 1997), we, therefore, assume that Women would benefit from arrangements providing the most family-related resources and Supports in terms of both economic capital (e.g. income, security) and social capital (e.g. less time on the job, a supportive supervisor). Wethington and Kessler (1989) found women with high employment commitments were more vulnerable to distress (see also Mirowsky, 1996). Nowadays women have more freedom in choosing the path for their future and they may decide whether or not to combine career with having children. Womens increased share of the labour force has prompted businesses to respond to their family needs by providing flexitime, or flexible work schedules (Wiatrowski, 1990). Bergmann 1986 highlights that middle class women are having fewer children; their labour force participation is now less responsive to their position in the family cycle. In fact as stated by Robinson, 1988 Women still do much more housework and family care than men, but the hours women spend performing these duties have been declining, particularly among younger women. The entrance of women of all ages into the labour force in the second half of the twentieth century has created another period of structural lag (Moen and Yu, 2000). However although there has been effort done to increase diversity, female employees still face the glass ceiling when it comes to the top management jobs. The glass ceiling is according to Maume,2004 a failure of women or a certain minority groups in climbing up the corporate ladder, despite seeing the top jobs but still not reaching them due to the discriminatory barriers. The expectations from the womens family and from the society may sometimes affect the decisions of women in their career objectives which may act as a barrier. The society sometimes treats women differently. Sometimes often careers are cut short because of for instance maternity leave which takes women out of the workplace for months at a time where the company needs to move on. However, over the last years there was a change in the perspective that women are not as effective as men and this was highlighted in the Economist Men -Tomorrows second sex. A One Chief Executive Officer of a large Mauritian multi-national stated recently: Women have done really well here and moved on. Ive never come across sexist views. There are some really good assertive women role models here. Women want to progress and peoples attitudes have changed. Women in hospitality Woods and Viehland (2000) found that although practitioners and researchers were concerned with females status in hotel management, only a few empirical studies examined this topic. Whether the issue has been scrupulously studied or not, relevant literature clarified that it was widely debated (Mann and Seacord, 2003; Del Sesto, 1993). In UK, the tourism sector was one of the area where there was the fastest growth and in the 80s three quarter of this growth was womens who were the most represented mainly in partime jobs ,insecure, low status and clerical post. Recent years have seen an emergence of studies that explore mobility, the role of women in the labor force and the expansion of the internationally hospitality workforce (Baum et al,2007 ; Devin,Baum,Hearns,Devine2007a,2007b;MatthewRuhs,2007).Today tourism presents both the opportunities and challenges for gender equality and womens empowerment. (Global report on women in tourism 2010). Females contribute a significant proportion of the labor force in several countries awareness of the factors and the constraints that might affect their participation is increasingly required for their managers ( Burrel et al, 1997). The participation and involvement of women in tourism sector is being encouraged and womens participation has increased directly and indirectly in tourism industry also Boxall and Purcell,2003 states that the career ladder within hotels is predicated on the conventional employment models of continuous employment and linear progression. (Bagulley, 1990, Hicks 1990; Jordon 1997 ; Wood 1992) Identify that the tourism and hospitality sectors are dominated by women and managed by men; in fact it is very common as the service sector is largely populated by women and they are more present especially at the lower level. Women are important to the hospitality labour market ( Doherty 1997). In many of the literature review it has been observed and declared by many authors that women are key participants in the tourism labour market ( Ashley,Roe and Goodwin 2001;Jameison 2003) ,although there is a belief that women tend to be disadvantaged in this sector as few women occupy the senior executive positions and those that do receive less pay ( Iverson,2000 ; Jordon 1997 ; Ng and Pine 2003 ; Skalpe,2007; Zhong and Couch,2007). However, we can put forward assertion was that girls are now outperforming boys at every level in school and closing the gap at university level. Women in fact predominate in the growing service sector, while men are trapped in declining heavy industries the sugar industry is an example (In Mauritius) and that employed men are no longer attractive marriage partners. (Tulsidas Naraidoo, 2011) It has been found that women are more likely to fill part time roles , 54% of female working in the sector work part time, compared to 46% of man-according to women case for change-executive summary 2010. Beyond the rapidly increasing numbers of female entering the workplace (Mc Dougal Briley 1994), we cannot neglect womens contribution in tourism development as for instance nowadays the proportion of women graduated in the sector is increasing at a rapid rate. Women are acknowledged as key participants in the tourism labor market (Ashley, Roe and Goodwin 2001; Jamieson 2003). According to Kate Purcell the womens jobs fall predominantly three categories: Contingently- gendered jobs which happen to be mainly done by women but for which the demand for labour is gender-neutral. Women work in such jobs as a result of employers pursuit of economic advantage rather than gendered preferences; they want cheap workers, and women particularly, married women seeking part time work have historically been available for employment for lower average rates of pay than men; partly reflecting their status as component rather than breadwinner. Crompton and Sanderson[8, pp. 155-8] sextyped jobs, where sexuality or other attributes assumed to be sex-related are explicit or implicit parts of the job specification In the hospitality industry it is a clichà © that the right kind of personality is a more important employment prerequisite than formal qualifications[13,14]. Where Filbys[16] finding that personality tends to be used as a synonym for sexual attractiveness and/or gender-specific tacit skills and attributes. He was told by a male manager he interviewed that recruitment of female staff was informed by a height for weight principle It has been noted that for some front house jobs it is essential to have a certain type of woman which, when pressed, he defined as ideally between 21 and 26, with long legs and a good figure. This is because the the customers expect it. This remark was highlighted by many other authors as Adkins [17, p. 109]). Patriarchally-prescribed jobs where patriarchal practice determines and prescribes appropriate job incumbency. Patriarchal prescriptions, though, is a distinct and equally powerful tendency, deriving from largely unarticulated understandings that male dominance in the home and in the public sphere and womens dependency are normal and that these norms derive from natural differences between the sexes. Bell and Newby have identified that there is thee is the deferential dialect between male and female often, as reinforcing womens economic dependency on men by providing opportunities for component waged jobs[10] which the HCTC[3, p. 37] note, without irony, appeal to women who wish to combine the opportunity to earn an income with their domestic responsibilities. The more higher level and very well paid the post is, the more likely it will be filled by a man, even though , women may be greater in number in the industry. Gender roles play a great role for womens low involvement in direct tourism business in one hand and on the other hand many employers of this sector think that women cannot continue the job due to their social and biological reproductive responsibilities. Such attitude of the employers about women may be due to the discriminative nature of the patriarchal system of the society. Tourism provides good opportunities for female employees contribution and participation in the tourism employment. Womens entrepreneurship as well as their leadership is important. Female employee in the tourism sector earn low pay and they are sometimes under utilised and under represented. However tourism offers positive pathways to the female success in tourism. The global report on women in tourism 2010 by UNWTO and UNIFEM (now UN Women) findings were as follows: 1. Women make up a large proportion of the formal tourism workforce. 2. Women are well represented in service and clerical level jobs but poorly represented at professional levels. 3. Women in tourism are typically earning 10% to 15% less than their male counterparts. 4. The tourism sector has almost twice as many women employers as other sectors. 5. One in five tourism ministers worldwide are women. 6. Women make up a much higher proportion of own-account workers in tourism than in other sectors. 7. A large amount of unpaid work is being carried out by women in family tourism businesses. Research indicates that religion, culture, and society can influence womens employment (Constance 2005; Feldmann 2007; Foroutan 2008; Read and Oselin 2008; Read 2004) and also a good example is in the context of Malaysia, Amin and Alam (2008) also found that religion significantly influenced a womans decision regarding employment. However religion may not be the only factor discouraging women of working in hotels but also poor employee facilities and the absence of childcare facilities available in the country (Dayal and Didi 2001). 2.2.1 Women contribution to the hospitality industry Women are acknowledged as key participants in the tourism labor market(Ashley, Roe and Goodwin 2001; Jamieson 2003). The tourism sector is very labour intensive; it provides different jobs opportunities from high skilled jobs to unskilled jobs. However Women are often concentrated in low status, low paid and precarious jobs in tourism industry as quoted in the global report on women in tourism 2010. According to Garavan etal., 2006;Woods and Viehland, 2000, senior managers are predominantly male; women middle managers are in housekeeping, front desk, personnel and training and conference and banqueting, whereas male managers are in finance and control, property and security and purchasing the latter more likely to lead to the general managers job also as stated in the report of the fifth UNWTO international conference on tourism statistics the apparent rate of women in the sector seems also to be related to the cultural issues, especially for employment in housekeeping, laundry, food preparation, guest services and so on. Many countries have a high presence of the feminine labour force in tourism t his is because of the high demand of unqualified workers, especially for young women. Initially in the other hand females describe themselves much less satisfied than males in the hospitality sector. In America more than 50 % of the people who are employed in the tourism sector are women. According to Edgell, one in every fifteen people all over the world is employed in tourism sector and half of them are women. In the third world women constitute the basement of employment in tourism sector because they may work part-time, seasonally and without full salary. However, the industry plays a very important role for the education and independence of women. Since tourism is a hospitality industry, the role of women is looked upon as significant and the trend of women participation is considerably increased since the mid of 70s. According to World Tourism Organization, in tourism business 51 percent are women (MOT/UNDP, 2006). Barriers face by female employees in hotels Even though women are important for the tourism sector, barriers to the advancement of female employees continue to persist; literature has singled out societys stereotypes and prejudices against women in positions of power (Catalyst, 2002, 2005). In fact a number of possible barriers to womens career advancement have been identified (Brownell 1993), including: the glass ceiling based on gender discrimination lack of role models an absence of mentoring opportunities exclusion from informal networks gender discrimination and sexual harassment (Knutson and Schmigdall, 1999) From Richard Martell and Christopher Parker view it is stereotype which acts as a major barrier to women, they stated that women lack characteristics most needed to succeed and consequently were often judged to be less qualified than men. However from the executive summary of the case for change: Women working in hospitality, leisure, travel and tourism 2010, identify five other key barriers which according to them appear to be most significant in preventing women advancement to senior roles in the sector: the difficulty of combining work at senior roles with caring responsibilities a dominant masculine organisational culture preconceptions and gender bias lack of networking and exclusion from informal networks of communication Lack of visible women in senior positions. What can be noted is that all the authors writings upon the barriers that stop women advancements are quite the same basically. It resemble in the sense that for example the lack of example of women at senior post, the stereotype at work or even the lack of networking. There is a serious need today to establish what kinds of work women may perform and if there are any barriers to their full integration and to identify policies and practices which might be helpful for employers who wished to make better use of their female workforce. (Tulsidas Naraidoo, 2011). ). However Woods and Kavanaugh (1994) according to whom gender discrimination was an invisible barrier that kept women from reaching top positions in many management circles There are other barriers identified also for instance: Other authors have cited the old boy network (Brownell, 1994a; Diaz and Umbreit, 1995); Women may have to work twice as hard and do twice as good a job in order to warrant a promotion (Brownell, 1994b, Gregg and Johnson, 1996). Moreover Sekam 2000 sited that for family reason as well as organisational demands become to both working women and their organisation that fail to tap the full potential of experienced women thereby becoming less productive themselves. Family constraints is another barrier that women can faced it can be perceived ad a function of a females commitment to and actual involvement in duties associated with parental ,marital and homemaker roles on one hand and the amount of support she receives from her spouses and relatives on the other ( Chin-Ching 1992).Sometimes in some countries in hotel industry part-time or of informal work is the flexibility it can give to women who may be required to spend more time wo rking in the home (with family or care responsibilities). (ILO report). On the other hand some research indicates that religion, culture, and society can influence womens employment (Constance 2005; Feldmann 2007; Foroutan 2008; Read and Oselin 2008; Read 2004). 2.3.1 Segregation in the hospitality industry The theories of occupational segregation on womens employment were first presented in depth by Hakim (1992). In fact the tourism industry has shown a wide adoption of segregational occupation (Crompton and Sunderson 1990). In the industry women frequently carry out the most undesirable and lowest status work ( Adid and Guerrier 2003; Korczynski 2002) Many authors have identified the factors which contribute to the professional marginalisation of women. The interlinked factors include gender stereotyping ( Heilman,2001) ; a lack a role model , mentors and peers for women in the workplace ( Noe,1988) and the glass ceiling ( Davidson and Cooper,1992; Reich 1995). Problems of gender domination include women workers crowded into a narrow range of jobs, lack opportunities for promotion and development and insufficient opportunity to develop a broad range of skills (Gardner and Plamer 1997; Haganand Jensen 1998). The Global report on women in tourism 2010, states that gender stereotyping and discrimination means that women mainly tend to perform job such as cooking, cleaning and hospitality. Vertical and Horizontal sex segregation has been shown to exist in the hotel industry ( Ludkins 1999). As in most organisations and occupations, there are male and female occupational groups vertically and horizontally segregated throughout large hospitality organizations and hotels themselves, reflecting economic and power differences. Many studies of gender segregation have focused on international country comparisons (Jensen et al., 1988, OECD, 1999) and industry and cross sectoral comparisons (Game and Pringle, 1983; Pringle, 1988). Segregation by gender results in individual costs to women workers in terms of narrower range of employment choices and opportunities along with lower pay but there are also broader economic and social costs. It is contended that gender segregation of the workforce inhibits flexibility in responding to pressures of structural adjustments and prevents expanding national skills bases resulting in a less competitive economy. (OECD, 1991) The sexual division of labour resulting in the domination of industry sectors, organisations and professional by one gender is argued to be a major factor shaping workplace relations. (Game and Pringle, 1983; Burton, 1991) In general, gender inequality in the labour market is closely connected to educational and professional, both vertical and horizontal, segregation. The labour market is divided into womens jobs and mens jobs, and women find it hard to access managerial posts. (HCT ILO REPORT). Stockdale (1991, p.57) has defined occupational sex segregation as existing where the jobs, that women do are different from those done by men ( horizontal segregation) and women work at lower levels than men in the occupational hierarchy ( vertical segregation). It is still the case that relatively few women achieve management roles in the service areas and as a consequence few make to general management positions. This segregation within the management ranks impacts adversely on the pay of women managers and their influence in this field. Tulsidas Naraidoo, 2011. 2.3.2 Sexual issues in hotels. Urrys[18] observation that such the service and commercial industry involve the sale of an experience, where the quality of the social interaction, including the visual presentation of interactive service workers, is an intrinsic part of the service itself. If women are routinely seen as (indeed, employed as) sex objects, what implications does this have for their career development opportunities, as individuals and as a category? Interactive service jobs in hospitality, tourism and leisure, exemplify occupations where gender (and indeed, sexuality) are explicit aspects of the job. In fact tourism is associated with freedom and relaxation that have traditionally been visualized in marketing and PR with images of attractive young women. (HCT ILO REPORT). Woods and Cavanaugh (1999) stated that almost one-quarter of both males and females agreed that most women in the hospitality industry had been subjected to sexual harassment at work. The ILO report that women are, more often than men , faced with precarious types of jobs, violence at work, stress and sexual harassment. It is a fact that when working in the hotel industry the service worker must be socially attractive and friendly with the customer . An author even gave an example of a young girl who was told on starting waitress to wear her skirt as short she would feel comfortable. The main characteristics of the sexual issues are obviously the sexual harassment on the place of work that is at the hotels. Woods and Kavanagh (1994) found that hospitality managers perceive sexual harassment to be pervasive within the industry.In many customer contact roles in the service sector, sexiness is a part of the role itself, the job flirt is encouraged as a part of the service style (Hall, 1993) and there may be a thin line between selling the service and selling sexuality. The hospitality industry can be susceptible of having incidents odf sexual harassment due to the ambiguity of hospitality service , that is , the odd working hours as well as the conditions of work. 2.3.3 The gender role stereotyping perspective in hotels. Stockdale (1991, p.57) assumption about the segregation and stereotype the assumption that people in particular jobs and the jobs themselves have the characteristics of only one gender. Women in the hospitality industry are widely employed in subordinate jobs for their nurturing and/or sexual attributes. Moreover differential treatment of women has been reported in recruitment, pay and career development prospects (Brown, 1979). The reason for the different treatment is the gender role stereotyping perspective. In fact women have been socialized to adopt attitudes and behavior that are in conflict with the demands of a successful managerial career (Schein, 1973, 1975; Terborg, 1977). Sinclair (1997) found that women have been excluded from some occupations within the tourism industry due to traditional ideologies of gender and social sexuality which is very stereotyped. Stereotyping can have negative impacts to womens advancement in the workplace, since negative stereotypes of women influence how their workers perceive them, how their other colleagues perceive their work, their selection for further training and development, and finally, the rapid pace they move in their career. Athought there are such stereotyping in the industry, studies show that female students are more committed to careers in hospitality and tourism and seem to better fit success in this sector than do their male classmates and colleagues (Kuslavan and Kuslavan, 2000; Burke et al., 2008). The female employees must be able of wearing two different hats one at work and one at home 2.3.4 Breaking of the Glass Ceiling in the Hospitality industry. The term was earlier used by Morrison et al. (1987) in their fascinating book Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Can Women Reach the Top of Americas Largest Corporations? That gave new insight to the issues women face in their journey through the executive echelons of the corporate organizations and Maume 2004, stated that glass ceiling is the failure of women and other minority groups in climbing up the corporate ladder, despite seeing the top jobs, but still not reaching them due to discriminatory barriers, is what many think of as glass ceiling. There have been many studies about the breaking of glass ceiling of women in each and every industry. Cotter et al. (2001) profound description of the term as a specific form of generic inequality existing at the apex of hierarchy contradicts others (Reskin and Padavic, 2001; Maume, 2004) claiming its existence in lower levels and working class jobs. Cotter et al. (2001) three criteria for the glass ceiling occurrence suggest that it occurs when despite similar credentials women (and minorities) face barriers in their career advancements, it also occurs when due to limited promotional prospects; women are discouraged from the initial placement on the job ladder, thus raising mens numbers to survive till the top levels and lastly, while organizations may be willing to pay out high salaries to women, they still hesitate to place them in positions where they can make an impact on organizations profitability, therefore, glass ceiling is created. The glass ceiling as in every industry affected also women in the hospitality industry. It has been highlighted by many authors that the industry is a female dominated industry however it is manage by men. Among the reasons for the glass ceiling phenomenon such as the lack of role models, mentoring, networking options, and the complexities of the dual role as working woman and housekeeper (Crampton and Mishra, 1999), literature has singled out societys stereotypes and prejudices against women in positions of power (Catalyst, 2002, 2005). According to Frank (2006 do find evidence that gay/bisexual men suffer from glass ceilings comparable to those faced by heterosexual women (p. 485). Existing management resistance must be offset by the multiplier effect of more female role models advancing beyond the glass ceiling. 2.3.5 The promotion issues in hotels. Like the retail services, tourism and hospitality are sectors which are highly dominated by women however managed by men (Bagguley, 1990; Hicks, 1990; Jordon, 1997; Wood, 1992) Sometimes men get more privileged than women these differentials were reinforced by differences in fringe benefits, with men in the commercial hospitality sector significantly more likely than women to be entitled to valuable perks such as company cars, free or subsidized meals, low-cost housing, private health insurance, company share ownership schemes and product discounts. . Many authors tend to attribute the finding that males are promoted more frequently and rapidly than equally qualified females to the influence of gender based stereotypes (Owen and Todor, 1993; Cordano et al., 2002; Tomkiewicz et al., 2004). The hospitality business, therefore, provides fewer opportunities for promotion that are sufficient to meet the expectations of females (McCuddy et. al., 2010). 2.3.5.1 Women in management level in Hotels Ludking (1999) notes the lack of women in general manger positions despite the high percentage of women in college and university hospitality programs. Although women are now graduating in higher numbers than men from educational institutions (Fagenson and Jackson, 1994) and more women are entering the paid workforce (Hind and Baruch, 1997) and taking up managerial roles (Parker and Fagenson, 1994), the poor representation of women at senior management level continues. Pursuing a managerial career in every industry requires skills and competencies imparted to men as a social group. Employees and managers holding this type of stereotypic view are likely to perceive women as ineffective managers in job positions incongruent with females more traditionally passive gender role. (Schein, 1973, 1975, 1978; Rosen and Jerdee, 1974; Powell and Butterfield, 1979; Brenner et al., 1989; Schein et al., 1989; Schein and Mueller, 1992; Schein et al., 1996; Heilman et al., 1995; Powell et al., 2002). It is not hard to find in the western context where patterns of gender inequality persist in leadership positions even with womens increasing visibility in the lower echelons of management (Weyer, 2007). Ezell et al. (1981) measuring the effects of having being supervised by a woman on perceptions of female managerial competence found significant differences only in the area of the motivation of a woman to manage. In the present study, direct contact could not help in suppressing gender stereotypes. By June 1996 only three of 72 Hong Kong Hotels had female general managers (Pine 1997). Womans desire for advancement into a senior-level leadership position becomes more difficult because of the prevalent traditional role assumptions (Schaap et. al., 2008). Moreover, research conducted in the U.S.A. indicates that, even in America, a disproportionate low number of highly educated females attain executive status in the industry (Li and Leung, 2001). The career ladder within hotels is predicated on the conventional employment models of continuous employment and linear progression (Boxall and Purcell, 2003). Some literatures state that the recruitment and selection processe may not be transparent. Both may be likened to an invisible web that works against women (Green and Cassell, 1996; Lan and Wang Leung, 2001; Rees and Garnsey, 2003). 2.4.1 Harassment at work An additional negative aspects to womens work in hotels is that they are subject to high level of sexual harassment from both guests and peers due to their low status and low-educational levels ( Poulston 2008). Research by Eller (1990) clearly indicates that more men and women experience sexual harassment in the hotel industry than do individuals in society-at-large. Today in many hotels there are a high level of female employee of gender discrimination and sexual harassment. 2.5 Inequality issues in hotels. Research shows the different ways in which tourism can contribute to economic growth, poverty reduction and community development. However, less attention has been paid to the unequal ways in which the benefits of tourism are distributed between men and women, particularly in the developing world. Gladys Acosta, UN Women Director for Latin America of the newly-establish UN agency UN Women, pointed out that womens contribution to the tourism sector is often invisible. According to Purcell and Quinn (1998) that it is a fact that in the early career stages, female hospitality graduates received lower pay, fewer fringe benefits and less intrinsic job satisfaction. However Woods and Kavanaugh (1994) according to who gender discrimination was an invisible barrier that kept women from reaching top positions in many management circles. There also continues to be wide discrepancies in remuneration between the genders (MunËœ oz-Bullo ´ n 2009; Tugores 2008. The hospitality sector has an important role: it should respect the equality of men and women; they should promote human rights and more particularly the individual rights of the most vulnerable groups, notably children, the elderly, the handicapped, ethnic minorities and indigenous people. ILO report (Development and challenges in the hospitality and tourism sector 2010). Kinnaird and Hall (1994) comment that women fulfill the majority of jobs in tourism, especially those which are poorly paid, low skilled and part-time also it is to be noted that in the tourism sector unskilled or semi-skilled women tend to work in the most vulnerable jobs, where they are more likely to experience poor working conditions, inequality of opportunity and treatment, violence, exploitation, stress and sexual harassment. (ILO ) Carli and Eagly (2001) observe that, although womens status has improved remarkably in the twentieth century in many societies, women continue to lack access to power and leadership compared with men (p. 629).